Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression ScaleThe CES-D measures the number, types, and duration of depressive symptoms. It consists of 20 questions that cover the six essential dimensions of depression as identified by the clinical research literature: 1) depressed mood, 2) feelings of guilt and worthlessness, 3) feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, 4) psychomotor retardation, 5) loss of appetite, and 6) sleep disturbance. The CES-D has shown good reliability for different ethnicities, genders, and age groups. However, it may be better to use the CES-D as a test of the severity and duration of depression rather than as a screening tool to identify the existence of depression. For this scale, please indicate how often you have felt or behaved in this particular way during the past week. The possible range of scores is zero to 60, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptomatology.
Sources
Radloff, L. S. (1977). Center for epidemiological studies depression scale doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t02942-000 |